Fluid Therapy is the medical practice of giving fluids to a patient to maintain or restore the balance of water and electrolytes in the body. It is commonly used in hospitals for patients who are dehydrated, in shock, during surgery, or unable to take fluids orally.

Types of Fluid Therapy

1. Crystalloids

   • Solutions containing water and electrolytes.

   • Easily move between blood vessels and body tissues.

   • Examples: Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl), Ringer’s Lactate, Dextrose solutions.

   • Used for dehydration, shock, or maintenance.

2. Colloids

   • Contain larger molecules that stay in the bloodstream longer.

   • Help maintain blood volume and pressure.

   • Examples: Albumin, Dextran, Hydroxyethyl starch (HES).

   • Used in severe shock, burns, or major blood loss.

3. Blood and Blood Products

   • Includes whole blood, packed red blood cells, plasma, and platelets.

   • Used in cases of severe anemia, trauma, or surgery with blood loss.

Routes of Administration

• Intravenous (IV): Most common and effective method.

• Oral (PO): For mild dehydration when the patient can drink.

• Subcutaneous or Intraosseous: Special cases when IV is difficult.

Uses of Fluid Therapy

• Restoring blood volume after bleeding.

• Correcting dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

• Maintaining fluid balance during surgery.

• Supporting patients with burns, infections, or kidney problems.

Key Notes

• Choice of fluid depends on the patient’s condition and needs.

• Overuse or incorrect use may cause complications like fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance, or swelling.

• Careful monitoring is required in all patients receiving fluid therapy.