Nephrology Medicines are drugs used to manage diseases and disorders of the kidneys. They help maintain proper kidney function, control complications from kidney disease, and manage conditions like high blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Main Categories of Nephrology Medicines

1. Diuretics

   • Help remove excess water and salt from the body, reducing fluid overload.

   • Examples: Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Spironolactone.

2. Antihypertensives

   • Control high blood pressure, a common cause and complication of kidney disease.

   • Examples: ACE inhibitors (Lisinopril, Ramipril), ARBs (Losartan, Valsartan), Beta-blockers (Metoprolol).

3. Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs)

   • Treat anemia caused by chronic kidney disease by stimulating red blood cell production.

   • Examples: Erythropoietin, Darbepoetin alfa.

4. Phosphate Binders

   • Reduce phosphate levels in patients with kidney failure.

   • Examples: Sevelamer, Calcium carbonate, Lanthanum carbonate.

5. Vitamin D Analogues & Supplements

   • Maintain calcium and phosphate balance, supporting bone health in CKD.

   • Examples: Calcitriol, Cholecalciferol, Alfacalcidol.

6. Potassium Binders

   • Control high potassium levels in patients with impaired kidney function.

   • Examples: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate, Patiromer.

7. Immunosuppressants

   • Used in kidney transplant patients or autoimmune kidney diseases.

   • Examples: Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate mofetil.

8. Renal Replacement Support Drugs

   • Support patients on dialysis or with acute kidney injury.

   • Examples: Intravenous fluids, bicarbonate therapy, albumin.

Key Notes

• Nephrology medicines are often used in combination to manage multiple complications of kidney disease.

• Monitoring kidney function, electrolytes, and blood pressure is essential during treatment.

• Early use can slow progression of chronic kidney disease and improve quality of life.