Clomiphene Citrate Tablets

Category: Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
Form: Oral tablets

Uses:

• Primarily used to induce ovulation in women with infertility, particularly those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or anovulatory cycles.

• Occasionally used in male infertility to improve sperm production in certain conditions.

Mechanism of Action:

• Clomiphene blocks estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus.

• This tricks the body into thinking estrogen levels are low, stimulating the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

• GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

• FSH and LH promote ovarian follicle development and ovulation in women.

Administration:

• Taken orally, usually once daily for 5 consecutive days, typically early in the menstrual cycle (days 2–5 or 3–7).

• Dosage depends on patient response and medical guidance.

• Treatment may be repeated for several cycles if ovulation does not occur.

Side Effects:

• Common: hot flashes, mood swings, breast tenderness, nausea, headache.

• Other: bloating, visual disturbances (blurred vision, flashes), ovarian enlargement.

• Rare but serious:

  • Multiple pregnancies (twins or more)

  • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

  • Severe abdominal pain or swelling

Precautions:

• Should be used under medical supervision, especially in patients with liver disease, ovarian cysts, or abnormal uterine bleeding.

• Avoid use if pregnant.

• Regular monitoring of ovulation and ovarian response is recommended to reduce risk of multiple pregnancies or OHSS.

• Not recommended for long-term continuous use without evaluation.

Summary:
Clomiphene Citrate Tablets are a fertility drug used to induce ovulation in women with anovulatory infertility, particularly in PCOS. They work by blocking estrogen receptors, stimulating FSH and LH release, which promotes ovulation. Common side effects include hot flashes, mood changes, and breast tenderness, while serious risks like multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation require careful monitoring.