Norepinephrine Injection

Category: Vasopressor / Sympathomimetic agent
Form: Injectable solution for intravenous (IV) use

Uses:

• Primarily used to treat acute hypotension (low blood pressure) in critically ill patients.

• Commonly used in septic shock, cardiogenic shock, or severe hypotensive states.

• Helps maintain adequate blood flow to vital organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys.

Mechanism of Action:

• Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that acts on alpha-1, alpha-2, and beta-1 adrenergic receptors.

• Alpha-1 stimulation: causes vasoconstriction, increasing systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure.

• Beta-1 stimulation: increases heart rate and contractility, improving cardiac output.

• Overall effect: rapid restoration of blood pressure in hypotensive emergencies.

Administration:

• Administered intravenously via continuous infusion.

• Usually diluted in a compatible solution before infusion.

• Dosage is titrated carefully based on blood pressure response and patient condition.

• Requires monitoring in an intensive care or emergency setting.

Side Effects:

• Cardiovascular: hypertension, arrhythmias, tachycardia, peripheral ischemia.

• Local reactions: tissue necrosis or extravasation at injection site if IV leaks.

• Other: headache, anxiety, nausea.

Precautions:

• Continuous blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac monitoring is essential.

• Use central venous access if possible to reduce the risk of tissue injury.

• Dose adjustments are required in patients with heart disease, hypovolemia, or arrhythmias.

• Avoid abrupt discontinuation to prevent hypotension rebound.

Summary:
Norepinephrine Injection is a potent vasopressor used to treat life-threatening hypotension. It works by constricting blood vessels and increasing heart contractility to restore blood pressure. Administration is intravenous, carefully titrated, and requires intensive monitoring. Main risks include arrhythmias, hypertension, and tissue damage at the injection site.