Sodium Chloride 0.9% & Dextrose 5% Injection

Category: Intravenous fluid / Electrolyte and energy solution
Form: Sterile solution for intravenous (IV) infusion

Composition:

• Sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.9%) – isotonic saline providing sodium and chloride.

• Dextrose 5% (D5W) – provides 5 grams of glucose per 100 mL of solution for energy.

• Water for injection as the solvent.

Uses:

• Fluid and electrolyte replacement in patients with sodium and water loss.

• Energy supplementation via dextrose to prevent catabolism in patients who cannot take sufficient oral nutrition.

• Maintenance fluid therapy in patients needing both hydration and glucose.

• Can serve as a carrier for intravenous medications.

Mechanism of Action:

• Sodium chloride maintains extracellular fluid volume and osmotic balance.

• Dextrose provides glucose for energy metabolism and reduces protein breakdown.

• The combination is isotonic relative to plasma, supporting both fluid and electrolyte balance while supplying calories.

Administration:

• Administered intravenously, with rate and volume determined by patient’s fluid needs, weight, and clinical condition.

• Monitor blood glucose and electrolyte levels, particularly in patients receiving prolonged therapy.

Side Effects:

• Hyperglycemia, especially in diabetic patients.

• Fluid overload, which may lead to edema or pulmonary congestion in susceptible patients.

• Rare electrolyte imbalances if used inappropriately.

• Local reactions at the injection site are uncommon.

Precautions:

• Use cautiously in patients with diabetes, heart failure, or renal impairment.

• Monitor fluid status, electrolytes, and blood glucose during infusion.

• Adjust infusion rate to avoid fluid or electrolyte overload.

Summary:
Sodium Chloride 0.9% & Dextrose 5% Injection is an isotonic intravenous fluid providing sodium, chloride, and glucose. It is used for fluid and electrolyte replacement, hydration, and energy supplementation, particularly in patients who cannot consume sufficient oral nutrition. Administered intravenously, it requires monitoring of fluid balance, electrolytes, and blood glucose to avoid complications, especially in patients with diabetes, kidney, or heart conditions.